GSMA Report Highlights 5G Scaling and 6G Groundwork
The GSMA's new Spectrum Policy Trends 2026 report outlines key priorities for the mobile industry. The report identifies the scaling of 5G networks, the expansion of direct-to-device connectivity, and laying the foundational groundwork for 6G in the 2030s as top trends. These priorities will shape global spectrum allocation debates and standardization efforts in the coming years.
- The ITU-R finalized its 6G framework, "IMT-2030," in June 2023, outlining new capabilities beyond the 5G triangle, including integrated sensing and communication. The first 3GPP release containing 6G specifications is expected to be Release 21, with the ITU's window for technology proposals opening in 2027. - To meet urban demand and fulfill IMT-2020 requirements, the GSMA estimates that an average of 2 GHz of mid-band spectrum is needed per market by 2030. A key focus is the upper 6 GHz band (6.425-7.125 GHz), which was identified for mobile use at WRC-23 by nations representing over 60% of the global population, creating a harmonized band for 5G-Advanced. - Standardization for direct-to-device (D2D) connectivity is advancing through 3GPP, with Release 17 establishing a framework for Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN). This builds on earlier D2D work in Release 12, known as ProSe, which was initially focused on public safety applications. - Preparations for the 2027 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-27) are critical for future 6G spectrum. The ITU has identified several bands for study, including 4.4-4.8 GHz, 7.125-8.400 GHz, and 14.8-15.35 GHz. - The allocation of future 6G spectrum intersects with geopolitical interests, as some proposed bands for WRC-27, such as 4.4-4.8 GHz and parts of the 7-8 GHz range, overlap with frequencies used for military and satellite applications by the U.S. and NATO allies. - The debate over the 6 GHz band continues globally, with some regulators allocating the full band for unlicensed Wi-Fi while others are reserving the upper portion for licensed 5G/6G services, creating a fragmented landscape for standards implementation.
