SuperAgers Have Twice the Brain Neurons
A new study reveals that "SuperAgers"—older adults who maintain sharp memory into their 80s and 90s—contain roughly twice as many newly generated neurons as typical peers. This neurogenesis is linked to lifelong engagement in challenging mental and social activities, regular physical exercise, and resilient psychological outlooks. The findings suggest it's possible to preserve mental agility well into old age by cultivating these specific habits.
- This groundbreaking research on "SuperAgers" was a collaborative effort involving scientists from the University of Illinois Chicago, Northwestern University, and the University of Washington. The findings were published in the scientific journal *Nature*. - The term "SuperAger" was coined by neurologist Marsel Mesulam and refers to individuals over the age of 80 who possess the memory and cognitive abilities of people 20 to 30 years younger. This recent study is part of a larger body of research on SuperAgers that has been ongoing for over 25 years at Northwestern University. - The increased neurogenesis, or the creation of new neurons, was specifically observed in the hippocampus, a region of the brain crucial for memory. In contrast, individuals with Alzheimer's disease showed almost no growth of new neurons. - Beyond the number of neurons, SuperAgers' brains exhibit other unique characteristics. They show less age-related thinning of the cortex, the brain's outer layer responsible for many higher-level functions. In fact, one part of their cortex, the anterior cingulate, is even thicker than that of middle-aged individuals. - SuperAgers also have a significantly higher density of specialized brain cells called von Economo neurons, which are linked to social intelligence and awareness. - The rate of brain volume loss in SuperAgers is also much slower than in their peers. While a typical older adult might lose about 2.24% of their brain volume annually, SuperAgers lose only around 1.06%. - Researchers identified what they term a "resilience signature" in the brains of SuperAgers. This refers to a unique cellular environment that not only supports the birth of new neurons but also helps them survive and thrive. - While genetics are believed to play a role, the new neurons in SuperAgers have distinct epigenetic signatures, suggesting that lifestyle factors can influence their development. Future research will delve deeper into how factors like diet, exercise, and inflammation contribute to this enhanced brain plasticity.
