Ethereum shipped Pectra and Fusaka, targets Glamsterdam

Ethereum Foundation said on February 18 that Ethereum had completed two major network upgrades in 2025 and was aiming for another in the first half of 2026. The foundation’s protocol priorities update said Pectra reached mainnet in May 2025 and Fusaka followed on December 3, 2025, setting up Glamsterdam as the next major upgrade. Ethereum.org separately describes Glamsterdam as an upcoming upgrade planned for H1 2026. The schedule has become a reference point for investors and developers tracking whether Ethereum can keep delivering technical changes on time. ### When did Pectra and Fusaka actually ship? The Ethereum Foundation said in its February 18 protocol update that Pectra “landed on mainnet in May” 2025. The same post said 2025 was “one of Ethereum’s most productive years at the protocol level” and that the network shipped two major upgrades during the year. Pectra included EIP-7702, which the foundation said lets externally owned accounts temporarily execute smart-contract code, enabling transaction batching, gas sponsorship and social recovery. (blog.ethereum.org) December 3, 2025 is the date Ethereum.org gives for Fusaka going live. A separate Ethereum Foundation mainnet announcement, published November 6, 2025, said Fusaka was scheduled to activate at slot 13,164,544 on December 3 at 21:49:11 UTC. That announcement described Fusaka as the follow-on to Pectra and said it was intended to improve layer-1 performance, increase blob throughput and improve user experience. (blog.ethereum.org) ### What is Glamsterdam supposed to do? Ethereum.org says Glamsterdam is designed to “clear the path for the next generation of scaling.” The page says the upgrade is planned for H1 2026 and places it within Ethereum’s longer-term roadmap rather than as a standalone change. The Ethereum Foundation’s February 18 update gives more detail on the target list. (ethereum.org) It said the ambition for Glamsterdam includes parallel execution, higher gas limits, enshrined proposer-builder separation, continued blob scaling, and progress on censorship resistance, native account abstraction and post-quantum security. The foundation also said Hegotá is planned to follow later in 2026. (ethereum.org) ### How much groundwork was already done in 2025? The Ethereum Foundation said the community raised the mainnet gas limit from 30 million to 60 million between the two 2025 upgrades. The same update said history expiry removed pre-Merge data from full nodes, cutting hundreds of gigabytes of disk usage. Those changes were presented alongside the major forks as part of the protocol work completed in 2025. (blog.ethereum.org) January 20, 2026 is when the foundation’s “Checkpoint #8” post described the internal process around Glamsterdam feature selection. That post said developers had reduced a list of proposed non-headliner features from 50 to 17 and were adding them to devnets in small sets. It also said some could still be removed if they risked delaying the fork. (blog.ethereum.org) ### Why are investors talking about governance at the same time? May 22 reporting from 24/7 Wall St. linked Ethereum’s upgrade cadence to the broader investment case for ether, while noting debate over governance and investor confidence. Separately, CryptoBriefing reported calls for a new $1 billion price-focused organization after senior departures from the Ethereum Foundation, framing the discussion around ETH’s market performance against Bitcoin and Solana. (blog.ethereum.org) That debate sits alongside, rather than inside, the protocol roadmap published by Ethereum’s core institutions. H1 2026 is the next concrete checkpoint. Ethereum.org lists Glamsterdam as the next planned upgrade, and the Ethereum Foundation says Hegotá is scheduled to come later in 2026 after that. (ethereum.org) (blog.ethereum.org)