Neurofeedback Apps for EEG Headsets Emerge

- Neurofeedback has been used as a non-pharmaceutical intervention for ADHD since the 1970s, with the goal of training the brain to increase the ratio of high-frequency beta waves (associated with focus) to low-frequency theta waves. - While some studies show neurofeedback to be as effective as stimulant medication for ADHD, the FDA has not approved it specifically for ADHD treatment due to mixed research results and studies with methodological flaws. However, EEG biofeedback equipment is FDA-cleared for relaxation training, which can benefit anxiety symptoms. - Traditional, in-clinic neurofeedback typically requires 20-40 sessions and can cost between $2,000 and $8,000 in total. At-home consumer devices cost between $250 and $700 upfront, sometimes with additional app subscription fees, making the technology more accessible. - Some apps, like Myndlift, are designed to work with consumer EEG headbands like Muse to provide guided, at-home neurofeedback. This model can include a personalized training plan and remote monitoring by a professional, offering a middle ground between self-guided use and in-clinic care. - The concept of brainwaves synchronizing with the golden ratio (φ ≈ 1.618) is based on theories that this irrational number may play a role in how different EEG frequency bands are organized and communicate, potentially minimizing interference between brain rhythms. - Beyond EEG, some consumer devices like Mendi use functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure brain activity by tracking blood flow and oxygenation in the prefrontal cortex, which is linked to functions like decision-making and focus. - Other approaches to at-home neurofeedback include devices integrated into glasses, such as Narbis, which use EEG sensors that trigger the lenses to darken when the wearer's attention drifts. - The consumer EEG device market includes several key players, with companies like Emotiv and NeuroSky being among the most widely used in published research.